Name of the Paper/Course: Organic chemistry
Name of the facilitator/Teacher: Dr. Ashwini Sonul Danao (Bodhane)
Duration: 30 hours
Semester: Semester I
Mode of teaching: Hybrid
Credits: 2 credit
Type of course: Core
Brief description about the course
Unit I: Structure, Bonding, and Reaction Mechanisms
A) Structure and Bonding:
Hybridization: In methane (sp³), ethane (sp³), ethylene (sp²), and acetylene (sp). Understand bond lengths, angles, and energies.
Effects: Inductive, electromeric, resonance, and hyperconjugation—definitions, examples, and applications.
Hydrogen Bonding: In alcohols, phenols, amines, and acids—its impact on physical properties.
B) Mechanism of Organic Reactions:
Bond Breaking: Homolytic and heterolytic cleavage—examples and factors influencing these processes.
Electrophiles and Nucleophiles: Definitions and examples, including neutral and charged species.
Reaction Types: Addition, substitution, elimination, rearrangement—energy considerations and reactive intermediates (carbocations, carbanions, free radicals, carbenes).
Unit II: Stereochemistry and Isomerism
A) Stereochemistry:
Isomerism: optical isomerism, chirality, enantiomers, stereogenic centers (e.g., lactic acid), optical activity, properties of enantiomers, and methods for resolution.
Configuration: absolute (R and S) and relative (D and L) configurations, sequence rules.
Diastereomers: chiral and achiral molecules with two stereogenic centers (e.g., tartaric acid).
B) Geometrical and Conformational Isomerism:
Geometrical Isomerism: E and Z systems; examples like maleic and fumaric acids, 2-butene.
Conformational Isomerism: Analysis of ethane, n-butane, cyclohexane—axial/equatorial bonds, Newman and sawhorse projections.
Unit III: Alkanes, Cycloalkanes, and Alkenes
A) Alkanes:
Nomenclature: IUPAC naming of alkanes, alkyl groups.
Formation Methods: Wurtz reaction, Kolbe reaction, decarboxylation.
Properties and Reactions: Physical properties, halogenation, nitration, sulphonation, etc. Mechanism of free radical halogenation.
B) Cycloalkanes:
Nomenclature and Formation: From dihalides, benzene, and cyclohexanone.
Reactions: Oxidation, chlorination, Baeyer’s strain theory—ring strain in small rings like cyclopropane and cyclobutane.
C) Alkenes:
Nomenclature and Formation: Methods like dehydrogenation, dehydrohalogenation, and dehydration.
Reactions: Hydroboration, oxidation, epoxidation, ozonolysis, polymerization. Markownikoff’s rule, peroxide effect, and mechanisms of addition reactions (e.g., Br₂, HBr).
Assessment: Online quiz, assignment
Evaluation: Distribution of marks:
Theory: 80 marks,
Practical: 50 marks,
Internal Assessment: 20 marks
Suggested Reading:
1. Morrison, R. N.; Boyd, R. N. Organic Chemistry, Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. (Pearson Education).
2. Finar, I. L. Organic Chemistry (Volume 1 & 2), Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. (Pearson Education)
- Teacher: Dr. Ashwini Danao